Eve’s Speech to the Forbidden Tree in Milton’s Paradise Lost

eves Speech to the Forbidden Tree in Miltons Paradise LostIn Book IX of Miltons Paradise Lost, even makes a very important and revealing speech to the shoe maneuver of knowledge. In it, she demonstrates the effect that the forbidden fruit has had on her. Eves language becomes as shameful as the nakedness that Adam and Eve would later try to cover up with fig leaves. After feeding the forbidden apple, Eves speech is riddled with blasphemy, self-exaltation, and egocentrism.The first part of Eves speech contains the most blatant blasphemy. In it, she turns the forbidden tree into an idol, or a false god. She promises that henceforth her early care, / Not without stock each morning, and due praise / Shall tend the tree (ln 799-801). The immense sounds of the spondees in not without song each morning, and due praise add to the deliberateness of Eves blasphemy. The tree replaces God in her eyes, and begins to receive the praise that she had formerly reserved just now for God. Besides being blasphemous, this is also ironic. In her foolishness, Eve ends up praising the very thing that will ultimately prove to be her undoing.Eve considers the tree a great gift. However, because of the influence of the serpent, she does not consider it a gift from God. The serpent has caused her to believe that God did not give the tree to Adam and Eve because it was not his to give. Therefore, Eve supposes that God must envy what he cannot give / For had the gift been his, it had not here / Thus grown (ln 805-7). In other words, she argues that if God had had pigheadedness of this tree, he would not have left it where it is. Therefore, according to Eves manipulated reasoning, God must not have the knowledge that the tree bestow... ...d Adam in line 831.The last two lines of this speech are very dramatic. Eve has such a great love for Adam that she could endure anything as long as he would be by her side, but she would be nothing without him. However, this creates a paradox. One may ask, if Eve loves Adam as much as she professes to, then why put his life in jeopardy just to make her own suffering more bearable? The answer, of course, goes back to the selfishness that has pervaded her entire speech. These lines weather out because of the spondees at the end of both of them.Eves language is drastically altered when she partakes of the forbidden fruit. It becomes permeated with blasphemy, self-praise and selfish words.Works CitedMilton, John. Paradise Lost. in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, M. H. Abrams, ed. New York W. W. Norton and Company, 1993. 1594-5.

IQ and Success :: Sociology Racism Prejudice Essays

IQ and Success Using data from a long-term survey, The Bell Curve purports to fork up that IQ is a furthest better predictor of adult success than baby birdhood socioeconomic status. But the authors used an extremely limited number of social factors as the basis for their calculations. By taking into reflexion a greater number of social factors (to make the study resemble a more complete picture of real life), sociologists have been able to show that social factors, not IQ, are a much better predictor of future success. In The Bell Curve, authors Herrnstein and Murray claim that a childs IQ is a far better predictor of future success than a childs initial socioeconomic status (or SES). For example, a white child raised in the bottom 5 percent of SES is eight times more likely to become poor than a child from the top 5 percent. But a white child whose IQ is in the bottom 5 percent is fifteen times more likely to become poor than a child whose IQ is in the top 5 percent. (1)Is t his true? (Well, no -- but more on this below.) It does seems pellucid that intelligence is important to succeed in life, but it also seems obvious that social factors play a large, if not larger, role. For example, the crushing economic disparity between North and South Korea has nothing to do with IQ differences, and everything to do with contrastive social and economic policies. Even on a personal level, intelligence is only one of countless factors that contribute to success. Others include Access to education procreation opportunities Personality type Physical attractiveness Athletic ability Inheritance Nepotism Prejudice Social and business connections Knowing someone who is successful Lobbying Congress seam cycle trends Fads Inventions Discoveries Wars Speculation Gambling Miserliness Insider trading Unfair market practices And, last but not least, dumb luck -- being at the slump place at the right time And these are just the adult factors -- ther es a whole host of childhood factors as well, which follow below. How the rules of the game are constructed determines which of these factors becomes most important for winning and losing, and therefore which individuals have the most merit. For example, we might think that those who play professional baseball have the most merit -- that is, they are the best players in the game.

Internet and Online Communities Essay -- Internet Cyberspace Chat Blog

mesh and Online CommunitiesThe internet was designed initially by the department of defense for their own purposes. But straight it has evolved into a complex network not limited to few specific area or region but extending over every part of earth. The Internet now is a form of communication to us. It has become not only a source of information and technology, but it also now houses other several(predicate) kinds of things. e.g. communities(something we are going to discuss in this paper), educational institutions, online classes etc. In this paper we will look at different aspects of this technology (internet) and analyze some of its impact on our society. In particular we shall see how media interprets the internet and its services. We will compare the article by Howard Rheingold The Heart of the Well to Ourtown.net by Jill Harrington, an article appear in the Access section of fooling News about online communities. Howard Rheingold in The Heart of the Well and Jill Herringt on in Ourtown.net both agree that online communities have become an substantial part of our lives today. The article called The Heart of the Well by Rheingold duologue about the WELL (Whole Earth Lectronic Link) an online community started in California. In the article he talks about the Well being a center of all kinds of people parents, professionals, doctors, nurses and others. In the article the author cites a particularly interesting line from dick Oldenburgs work The Great Good Place. In it Oldenburg affirms that there are three essential places in our lives the place we live, the place we work and the place we gather for conviviality. Rheingold in his article argues that internet and online communities have become not only a kind of convivial place wher... ...h is revolutionizing our lives and may prove to be even more(prenominal) successful and efficient for us in the future. Internet is basically a tool in our society. Internet supplies us with a vast number of facilit ies interchangeable online communities and a whole lot of other things. Most of us use internet for one reason or another. For example, I as a pupil use internet to find information on various kinds of topics ranging from Hitler to NASA. By the same token internet can be useful to virtually everyone in our society. Thus, internet is increasingly becoming part of our lives and it has certainly becoming one of the places where can hang around for conviviality. Works Cited Rheingold, Howard. The Heart of the WELL. Composing Cyberspace. Ed. Richard Holeton. San Francisco McGraw Hill, 1998, 171-180. Harrington, Jill. Ourtown.net. Access Daily News 25 Feb. 2001 8-10

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby as Criticism of American Society

In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzg geological erald criticizes American society in the 1920?s for its tendencies to waste, advertise, form superficial relationships, and obsess over appearances. The work has been praised for both its brutal realism and its keen depiction of the age that The New York Times referred to as the era when, gin was the national drink and sex was the national obsession(Fitzgerald vii). . . . indifference is presented as a moral failure - a failure of society, particularly the society of the American vitamin E to recognize the imperatives of truth and honesty and justice? (Gallo 35). F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes the wasteful tendencies of American society. He uses the valley of ashes to refer to this ugly aspect of American society. The valley of ashes is a raw area situated between the West Egg and New York City, where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and alre ady crumbling through the powdery air(Fitzgerald 23). This unpleasant wasteland is located right along the roadway and train route between the eggs, home of the lofty aristocrats, and New York City, the fire and fashionable metropolis where many of the nations wealthiest people live, work, and entertain themselves. There is no essential difference between the mon oculusd wastelands of New York City and Long Island and the valley of ashes, (Gallo 49) Referring to an eye doctors billboard in the valley of ashes, Nick, our narrator comments Evidently some wild wag of an oculist set them there to fatten his practice in the borough of Queens, and consequently sank down himself into eternal blindness or forgot them and moved away. But ... ... Moment The Novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Urbana U of Illinois P, 1970. Whitley, John S. F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby. London Edward Arnold, 1976. Outline Thesis statement In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes American socie ty in the 1920?s for its tendency to waste, advertise, form superficial relationships, and obsess over appearances. I. Introduction A. Literary Classic B. Societal upbraiding 1. wasteful tendency 2. advertising obsession 3. superficial relationships 4. appearances fixation II. Wasteful Tendency A. Valley of Ashes B. Gatsby C. Tom and Daisy III. Advertising Obsession A. Billboard B. McKees C. Tom D. Daisy E. Gatsby III. Appearances infantile fixation A. Myrtle B. Catherine C. Gatsby IV. Superficial Relationships A. Billboard B. Myrtle?s Party

The Role of Women in Literature Essay -- Thousand and One Nights, The

The Role of Women in The Thousand and One Nights, The Ramayana of Valmiki and The Medea Throughout close to of the assigned readings in this class, women atomic number 18 portrayed as clever, ruthless, and deceitful individuals that are willing to do any(prenominal) it takes in order to get what they desire. With careful deliberateness and timing they are able to manipulate others into doing things their way and have favor in their eyes. Sometimes they use their craftiness for good and other times for evil, whatever reason they have for such action usually impacting the story and its characters immensely. In The Thousand and One Nights tale, the deceitfulness of women impacts the story from the beginning to the end. Every good and grownup thing that occurred in the tale did because of the act of women. It was the deceitfulness of women that caused King Shahrayar to lose all his trust for women, and vowed to have nothing to do with them for more than a night. However, it was that very(prenominal) deceitfulness that changed his viewed of women and has him see that all hope is not lost there are some that are still loyal and honest. This quote is an important eyepatch in the story because it changed the way King Shahrayar and his brother viewed women. It was the moment that they both realize that all women are disloyal, crafty, and deceitful and therefore can never be trusted. In addition, it also exemplifies the treacheries and craftiness of women and how they can greatly influence others, particularly men. After King Shahrayar discovered that his wife and his concubines have been deceiving him, by having him think that they are honest and loyal to him, he loses all his trust and respect for women. He was so heartbroken and confused he could not understand how such ... ...t the selfsame(prenominal) time it is fair to say that there are few that cause to be deceitful in a good way, meaning their intension are good and will use it for a good cause. For e xample, Shahrazad, deceive the king by telling him a new tale just before snap each day because she was trying to save her life and that of many more women that would have been killed had she not been successful. Her cunningness was for a good deed, a deed that not altogether changed the king himself but his brother as well. He, Shahzaman, hearing about the good act that had happen to his brother, king Shahrayar, decided to stop his practice too and try to have a relationship again, in hopes that it would be different. One could say that it is sometimes a good thing that women have the ability to deceive others, especially in times of trouble and at other time they are better off without their deceitfulness.

The Role of Women in Literature Essay -- Thousand and One Nights, The

The Role of Women in The curtilage and One Nights, The Ramayana of Valmiki and The Medea Throughout most of the assigned readings in this class, women atomic number 18 portrayed as clever, ruthless, and deceitful individuals that are will to do whatever it takes in order to get what they desire. With careful calculation and timing they are able to manipulate others into doing things their way and confirm favor in their eyes. Sometimes they use their craftiness for good and other times for evil, whatever reason they have for such exploition usu anyy impacting the story and its characters immensely. In The Thousand and One Nights tale, the deceitfulness of women impacts the story from the beginning to the end. Every good and bad thing that occurred in the tale did because of the act of women. It was the deceitfulness of women that caused King Shahrayar to lose all his trust for women, and vowed to have nothing to do with them for more than a night. However, it was that same deceitf ulness that changed his viewed of women and has him see that all hope is not lost there are some that are still loyal and honest. This quote is an important piece in the story because it changed the way King Shahrayar and his brother viewed women. It was the moment that they both constitute that all women are disloyal, crafty, and deceitful and therefore can never be trusted. In addition, it also exemplifies the treacheries and craftiness of women and how they can greatly influence others, especially men. afterwards King Shahrayar discovered that his wife and his concubines have been deceiving him, by having him think that they are honest and loyal to him, he loses all his trust and respect for women. He was so heartbroken and confused he could not understand how such ... ...t the same time it is fair to say that there are few that try to be deceitful in a good way, meaning their intension are good and will use it for a good cause. For example, Shahrazad, deceive the king by tell ing him a new tale just before dawn each day because she was trying to save her life and that of many more women that would have been killed had she not been successful. Her cunningness was for a good deed, a deed that not only changed the king himself but his brother as well. He, Shahzaman, hearing about the good act that had happen to his brother, king Shahrayar, decided to stop his practice too and try to have a relationship again, in hopes that it would be different. One could say that it is sometimes a good thing that women have the ability to deceive others, especially in times of trouble and at other time they are give off without their deceitfulness.

Advertising Stereotype Essay

Media stereotypes be inevitable, especially in the denote, entertainment and news industries, which need as wide an audience as possible to quickly understand information. Stereotypes act like codes that give audiences a quick, common understanding of a person or grouping of tribe usually relating to their class, ethnicity or melt, sexuality, sexual orientation, companionable role or occupation.But stereotypes can be problematic. They can reduce a wide range of differences in people to simplistic categorizations transform assumptions about particular groups of people into realities be used to justify the position of those in power perpetuate social prejudice and contrast More often than not, the groups being stereotyped acquit little to say about how they ar represented.Anyone who examines North American entertainment and news media will bill poster that members of ethnic and visible minorities argon inadequately represented in entertainment and news media, and that portr ayals of minorities are often stereotypical and demeaning. This tendency is oddly problematic in a multicultural country, where some of the population is immigrants and some is visible minorities, along with larger urban centers.Visual representation of reality is influential in mold peoples views of the world, where everyday realities are articulated mostly by what we see in the media. The role of advertising in this interpretation of reality is crucial. The coffin nail audiences self-identification with the two-baggers being a basic prerequisite for an advertisements effectiveness, move ins advertising one of the most important factors in the building of demeanour models and values systems. The way a certain notion is partaged at a visual level determines how people will perceive this notion and whether they will name with it or not.Meaning is encoded in the structure of the images, which thus conk out potent cultural symbols for human behavior. The framing and compositio n of the image, the machinateting, the symbolic attri only whenes and every former(a) atom in its structure, all are engaged in the effective presentation of the underlying notion. Gender Stereotypes in Advertising Dominant discourses surrounding gender promote us to accept that the human race is naturally divided in to male and female, each gender realistically identifiable by a set of immutable characteristics.In Foucaults terms, relations of difference are social constructs belonging to social orders that contain hierarchies of power, defined, named and delimited by institutional discourses, to produce social practices. Gender differences are symbolic categories (Saco, 199225). These categories are used to ascribe certain characteristics to men and women. The representation of those characteristics determines how men and women are presented in cultural forms, and really whether an one-on-one is identified as masculine or feminine.It is important to understand the big role tha t media, in general, and specifically advertisement plays in maintaining an ingrained gender hierarchy. The closer study of mens and womens images as presented in advertising should result in uncovering the messages about their identity and role in society. Until recently, masculinity in the media was not considered problematic since there was the notion that masculinity is not constructed. Masculinity remains the untouched and untouchable against which femininity figures as the crush and/or unspoken (Holmlund, 1993214).The role advertisements play in the development and perpetuation of gender-role stereotypes whitethorn include Women Stereotypes in Advertising Advertising is an over 100 one million million million dollar a year manufacture and affects all of us throughout our lives. We are each exposed to over 2000 ads a day, constituting perhaps the most justly educational force in society. The average American will spend one and one-half years of his or her life watching tele vision commercials. The ads cheat a great deal more than point of intersections.They sell values, images, and concepts of success and worth, love and sexuality, popularity and normalcy. They tell us who we are and who we should be. Sometimes they sell addictions. Advertising is the foundation and frugal lifeblood of the mass media. The primary purpose of the mass media is to deliver an audience to advertisers, just as the primary purpose of television programs is to deliver an audience for commercials. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable because they are new and inexperienced consumers and are the prime targets of many advertisements.They are in the process of learning their values and roles and developing their self-concepts. Most teenagers are sensitive to peer pressure and find it difficult to resist or even question the dominant cultural messages perpetuated and reinforced by the media. Mass converse has made possible a kind of national peer pressure that erodes private and individual values and standards. But what do people, especially teenagers, learn from the advertising messages? On the most obvious level they learn the stereotypes.Advertising creates a mythical, mostly white world in which people are rarely ugly, overweight, poor, fight or disabled, either physically or mentally (unless you count the housewives who talk to little men in toilet bowls). In this world, people talk and about products. The aspect of advertising most in need of analysis and change is the portrayal of women. Scientific studies and the most casual viewing yield the aforesaid(prenominal) conclusion women are shown almost exclusively as housewives or sex objects.The housewife, pathologically obsessed by cleanliness, debates the virtues of cleaning products with herself and worries about ring around the contain (but no one ever asks why he doesnt wash his neck). She feels guilt for not being more beautiful, for not being a amend wife and mother. Very unrealistic goal s for ideal body shapes, which lead to high rates of anorexia nervosa and bulimia Make women believe they are valued based on their body, therefore their self-esteem is also based on how their body looks compared to others.Give messages to women that changing their appearance, they will have a better life * custody* Stereotypes in Advertising It is interesting to see that now, when things have admittedly changed for women, we unflustered see much of the same themes in modern mens advertisements. In the ads from Mens Journal, we generally see a handsome, strong, prospering and somewhat rugged man. The camera angles are almost invariably from the bottom up, giving us a view of the man as though we, the viewer are below him, look up at him. All of them are young, but none are teen-aged looking. All but one have, or show remnants of facial hair.None of these ads show the man in the work place, but their depiction of leisure is that of jump on success, not youthful excess. Because of the camera angles, the strong stances, the rugged good looks, and the depictions of success, these ads reinforce the stereotypes of men as strong, powerful, aggressive providers. An ad for Tommy Hilfiger shows the man with his arm around a girl who is leaning into his chest. This ad depicts a man as protector and as a heterosexual. The one ad that stands out from the group in this appeal of ads from Mens Journal is the one from ESPNs Sports Center.This ad shows a man finishing up a piece of legal profession at a diner and watching Sports center from across the bar. This is a different depiction of leisure which seems directly related to the product it is selling. The rest of the ads are selling some form of apparel. They are designed to show clothes as comfortable and stylish and show that a man who wears those clothes can be the aggressive, dominant male. The Sports Center ad is selling a product that isnt consumed as part of universal image, but of private pleasure. The clothe s worn by the models are assertively masculine, and often emphasize a broad shouldered and solid body shape.The models divulge a highly masculine independence and assurance, as well as the coding of narcissistic self-absorption. The choice of lighting and film stock emphasizes the sur brass section qualities of skin, hair, eyeball and the texture of clothing. Finally the cropping of the images works to produce intensity in many of the images. This stereotyped presentation of a gender role, certainly tells us that there is still a part of society that believes that men should be naturally related to power, aggression and authority. In recent years however, other aspects of masculinity have become acceptable in ads.This can be seen in the difference between the ads in Mens Journal and those in Maxim. The ads from Maxim are interchangeable to those from Mens Journal but definitely appeal to a younger audience. It is therefore interesting to look at what advertisers feel is more app eal to younger men. There is one ad for Ralph Lauren Cologne that shows a young successful looking man in a shirt and tie looking over the top of the head of the women cuddling in his chest. She is looking into the camera seductively and he looks as though his mind is elsewhere. He is dominant, even authoritative in this position and once again appears successful and confident.Another ad from Maxim is for a DVD special edition of Rocky. The ad shows rocky defeat and worn but continuing to fight. The copy reads at least David had a slingshot. This ad depicts the ultimate American sports hero, appealing men, both young and old. In-short, disadvantages with Men Stereotyping, are Show ideal for body type, also which can be unrealistic Show men as aggressive and in control of things, including women Womens problems are fixable, you either fit the part of the masculine ideal or you do not Negative Stereotypes in AdvertisingAunt Jemima, Darkie toothpaste, Uncle Ben and the infamous Waa aaaz up crew from the people at Budweiser are some blatantly stereotypical roles that have had many conscious blacks frustrated during the past century. Darkie toothpaste may be unfamiliar to many Americans today because it was marketed in Hong Kong until March 1990. The toothpaste package featured a minstrel character with a wide smile. The character appeared to have position black soot on his well-rounded face and red lipstick around his mouth while smiling large with gleaming white teeth.To make the character completely minstrel-like, the character added a large brimmed top hat to grace his head. According to Jamieson and Campbell, the authors of News, Advertising, Politics and the Mass Media the Interplay of Influence, Darkie toothpaste was removed because of its negative connotation of the word Darkie and not so much the image on the box. The regional commercial director for Hawley and Hazel (the makers of Darkie toothpaste) said, We want the name of our toothpaste to be inte rnationally acceptable. However, some people consider the word Darkie racially offensive, particularly in America. Its not that the name is not offensive, but the image was not even discussed. Associating the name with such an offensive image makes the toothpastes image just a bit more offensive. If Darkie toothpaste were associated with an image of dark yellow-bellied teeth with a contradictory image of a bright smile shown next to the crude picture, it would have shown a whole new connotation to the shuffling name. The frightening thing about this image is it was only removed from circulation 13 years ago, well after the Civil Rights Movement. Aunt Jemima has been a character that has shown a dramatic change throughout the years.Aunt Jemima wore a red and white scarf over her head. Now Aunt Jemima has a well-groomed coif and a slimmer face that graces the boxes of pancake, waffle and syrup bottles across the world. The changing images of Aunt Jemima and Uncle Ben are representat ive of the changes in American culture today. Although we do not see blacks as cooks, maids and servants anymore, we may see a new stereotype arising. The Waaaz up crew from the recent Budweiser commercials is an example of this theory. This campaign was very effective and catchy. It had people black, white and every race in between making it a staple in our ever-changing language.Budweiser did not only stereotype blacks in America but also other often-stereotyped groups. The Italian mobsters constantly repeating How you doin? and the yuppie stereotype stating, How are yooooooou doing. The only people that spoke proper English in these advertisements were the upper class white men. The images of blacks have increased by number but not by quality. According to the Journal of Advertising, blacks spend more than $279 billion a year on consumer goods, except the advertisers are only spending approximately $865 million a year to reach them.This disproportionate figure reveals why ma ny advertisements misrepresent blacks across America. nevertheless a small percentage of the black population is professional athletes, yet they are the majority of endorsers for black products. Blacks, Hispanics, Asians and women must demand a wider variety of roles in advertisements for it may negatively affect the children of tomorrow. If we are only being shown in narrow roles, our future generation may not aspire to be anything but rappers and athletes, instead of politicians, doctors or lawyers. Ask the advertisers, Waaaz up wit dat? Research supports that mass stereotyping groups of people does not work in the development and marketing of melodic line ideas. Although many corporations still try to capitalize on stereotypes, this line of thinking simply does not work as effectively as the old mammary gland and pop country store approach to descent Getting to know your customers as intimately as possible. If grouping populations like cattle into marketing niches worked, why would major corporations still continue to invest so heavily into studying consumer habits and demographics?If this type of marketing philosophy worked well then anyone with a great business idea could make it simply by targeting. Obviously, this is not so. *Stereotypin*g Myths For example, stereotype marketing ideologies might focus too much on one group and ignore another equally, or even more important. For example, target only kids for (non-PC) word picture games and lose access to millions of customers. Nearly a quarter of all video games are purchased by consumers aged 40 and older, and 38% of all video game sales are made by women.Another case in point Senior citizens have become the fastest-growing population in the United States. however, mass marketing to seniors has remained somewhat elusive. Several pioneers in the senior marketing industry note that age alone has little to do with the interests of senior consumers. Those who have attempted to cash in on the senior po pulation, simply lumping retirees together by age, have failed, and miserably so. When it comes to advertising, marketing studies that offer only cold statistics may play less of a role than you think in developing successful marketing strategies and advertising campaigns.Customers can be your best or worst source of advertising. Word of mouth referrals, especially in the age of the Internet, should not be undervalued. And, since consumers are more likely to complain than to compliment, it pays to have customer-friendly and trustworthy complaint resolution practices in place. It pays to see your customers as individuals, with common needs, but not as groups who, because of stereotype images, have lemming-like behaviors when it comes to making purchases.

Leningrad Cemetry, Winter of 1941

Explication of Leningrad Cemetery, Winter of 1941 This song is about the World War ? especially in Leningard(1941. 09. 081944. 01. 18) in winter of 1941. Leningrad which is now St. Petersburg is once former capital of Russia and Russian Revolution so it was strategically important place for Hitler to have war with. German army siege this city almost 900 days and over 650,000 people be dead from this war because of starvation, exposure, disease and so on. However, Leningrad did not surrender against the enemy and halt all hardships and difficulties, later called city of hero.How extremely difficult and severe situation it was in World war ? is depicted in this poem. There are a lot of dead bodies needed to be buried provided impossible because ground is frozen and grave digger became weak from hunger. Also position could not be made because there was lack of fuel to heat and wood should be used for fuel. Instead of coffin they put the corpse on the childs sled and take it to th e cemetery. Child sled is the symbol of joy and happiness in winter snow but in the war time that signifier of joy is disappeared but only degenerated to tool of moving the dead body.There are some analogies with the dead. First they are metaphored as trees ball of roots when it waits to be planted and cocoons that result split down the center when the new life inside is prepared. Those are very similar to appearance of the dead and characteristics such as stiffness save it also contains the meaning of life and prosperity. In contrast, the expression of pale gauze, tapered shapes make us think of mummies. Writer tried to mummify and dehumanize the dead.Furthermore, natural calves hard as corded wood spilling means piled corpses like stiff, dry wood with no life. Contrast in the metaphors tells us that the dead once having had spirited life and had desire to restore vitality inevitably became very cold, rigid, abandoned dead body. From under a cloak, a hand reaching out means th at they are not ready to die and want to live more. Speaker of this poem is third person narrator so hard to know the deads mind on the dot however we could analogize their thoughts on their death.They would want to come back to life even if they have to eat the bread made of glue and sawdust and live in the severe cold and siege. Bread made of glue and sawdust is nonsense but it means stale bread that is so dry and hard to eat. Narrator says having a life is better than death even if it becomes hard or difficult. It shows us that they really didnt want to die in the war and life is so uncommon itself. It is composed of only one stanza. It makes reader to be focused on the situation that writer explain with tension.Omniscient third person narrator speaks in the poem so we could not hear their direct voice but relying on what speaker says. Thesedays, there are still many threats on war outbreaks but as a generation not experiencing war yet, we have tendency to consider war as relat ively light event and are not so alert or worrying compared to old generation. This poem reminds us with extreme hardships stealing a lot of innocent peoples lives that war can bear and arouse our attention again on the war.

Behavior and thinking Essay

Humans are conditi angiotensin converting enzymed to act according to stimulus that are present in their environment. Thus was the belief or Russian scientist/physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) (Encarta, 2008). Though noted also for his work in the field of physiology, he is more remembered for the conduct of experiments for the demonstration of conditioned and the opposite unconditioned reflexes, first do on dogs in 1889 (Encarta, 2008).Pavlovs discovery of the conditoned reflex was of great importance to the field og biology, since it showed a physiological foundation for the development of creatures of diverse reactions, or, behaviors, in coiffe for the organism to be able to adapt to their surroundings (Bluden, 2001). Many researchers have tried to know the link between the physical and the mental bridge (cited in Biology and Medicine, 2008). The intersection of how the mind thinks and the behaviors that will emanate from the person is addressed in the field of biop sychology,i. e. a scientific undertaking to determine the biologic rear of a persons behavior and his thought processes (Encarta, 2008).Accroding to Catherine Harris, in her position paper, What is the most important psychological finding of the century? , she states that ones biological tendencies tend to play a good part in an individuals mental disorders (Harris, 1999). In her paper, centuries of human evolution have created an indominatable information touch on system, one that does not take failure lightly (Harris, 1999). Anti social behaviors evolve under the most extreme adaptive pressures to adapt to ones environment (Harris, 1999).These are forms of cheat behaviors to allow people to adapt. For example, obsessive-compulsive behaviors may be a reaction to the societys rules and rituals imposed on an individual (Harris, 1999). Crowding is another social behavior one is prone to adapt to often (Southwick, 2008). In his observations, overcrowding tend to display the breakdow n of normal behaviors, an upswing in aggression and violence, among others (Soutwick, 2008). The mind and the body does act in unison, but the final link of that act still has to be known with furhetr studies and research.

Earth Essay

body politic is the artificial satellite on which we live. commonwealth is the third planet from the sun. The particles which compose of the mass of the earth but much particularly the particles which from the mould on the surface of Earth. The Earth is the largest member of the group of inner planets and is similarly the most massive. When the Earth is compargond with its world-wide neighbors, marked similarities as salubrious marked differences are found. Of course, what singles the Earth out from any different planets is the fact that it has an oxygen-rich atmosphere and a temperature that makes it suitable for life of the kind we can understand.Were the Earth slightly close to the sun and slightly farther away, life here might not have developed. The purpose of this inquiry is to let us realize more around our major planet that we are living and also aims to help us understand more about our planet. Even we have an idea what Planet Earth is all about, we must dig deep er and know the characteristics of Earth that we havent yet know. The completion of this paper was made possible through my research in library, and computers. Some books, encyclopedia, dictionary, some magazines computer encyclopedia and other website, I got all I want to know.They are very helpful for my research, and thanks be to God for giving me wisdom to do this term paper alone and by myself. Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar Systems four terrestrial planets. It is sometimes referred to as the world, the Blue Planet, or by its Latin name, Terra. Earth organise approximately 4. 54 billion geezerhood ago, and life appeared on its surface at heart one billion long time.Earths biosphere then significantly altered the atmospheric and other basic physical conditions, which enabled the proliferation of organisms as well as the formation of the ozone layer, which t ogether with Earths magnetic field blocked harmful solar radiation, and permitted formerly ocean-confined life to move safely to land. The physical properties of the Earth, as well as its geological history and orbit, have allowed life to persist. Estimates on how much longer the planet will be able to continue to support life range from 500 million years (myr), to as long as 2. billion years (byr).Earths crust is divided into several rigid segments, or tectonic plates, that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. About 71% of the surface is covered by salt peeing oceans, with the remainder consisting of continents and islands which together have many lakes and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. Earths poles are mostly covered with ice that is the warm ice of the Antarctic ice tag end and the sea ice that is the polar ice packs.The planets intimate remains active, with a solid iron inner core, a liquid outer core that generates the magnetic field, and a thick layer of relatively solid mantle. Earth gravitationally interacts with other objects in space, especially the Sun and the Moon. During one orbit around the sun, the Earth rotates about its own axis 366. 26 times, creating 365. 26 solar days, or one sidereal year. The Earths axis of rotation is tilted 23. 4 away from the perpendicular of its orbital plane, producing seasonal variations on the planets surface with a period of one tropical year (365. 24 solar days).The Moon is Earths only intrinsic satellite. It began orbiting the Earth about 4. 53 billion years ago (bya). The Moons gravitational interaction with Earth stimulates ocean tides, stabilizes the axial tilt, and gradually slows the planets rotation. The planet is home to millions of species, including humans. Both the mineral resources of the planet and the products of the biosphere contribute resources that are used to support a global human population. These inhabitants are grouped into a bout 200 independent sovereign states, which interact through diplomacy, travel, trade, and military action.Human cultures have developed many views of the planet, including its personification as a planetary deity, its shape as flat, its position as the center of the universe, and in the modern Gaia Principle, as a single, self-regulating organism in its own properly Formation The earliest material found in the Solar System is dated to 4. 56720. 0006 bya therefore, it is inferred that the Earth must have been forming by accretion around this time. By 4. 540. 04 bya. The primordial Earth had formed. The formation and evolution of the Solar System bodies occurred in tandem with the Sun.In theory a solar nebula partitions a majority out of a molecular cloud by gravitational collapse, which begins to spin and flatten into a circumstellar disk, and then the planets grow out of that in tandem with the star. A nebula contains gas, ice grains and dust (includingprimordial nuclides). In n ebular theory planetesimals commence forming as particulate accrues by cohesive clumping and then by gravity. The assembly of the primordial Earth proceeded for 1020 myr. The Moon formed shortly thereafter, about 4. 53 bya. The Moons formation remains a mystery.The working hypothesis is that it formed by accretion from material loosed from the Earth after a Mars-sized object, dubbed Theia, had a giant impact with Earth, but the model is not self-consistent. In this scenario the mass of Theia is 10% of the Earths mass, it impacts with the Earth in a glancing blow, and some of its mass merges with the Earth. Between approximately 3. 8 and 4. 1 bya, numerous asteroid impacts during the Late sedate Bombardment caused significant changes to the greater surface environment of the Moon, and by inference, to the Earth.Earths atmosphere and oceans formed by volcanic activity and outgassing that included water vapor. The origin of the worlds oceans was condensation augmented by water and ice delivered by asteroids, proto-planets, and comets. In this model, atmospheric greenhouse gases kept the oceans from freezing date the newly forming Sun was only at 70% luminosity. By 3. 5 bya, the Earths magnetic field was established, which helped prevent the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind. A crust formed when the molten outer layer of the planet Earth cooled to form a solid as the accumulated water vapor began to act in the atmosphere.The two models that explain land mass propose either a steady growth to the present-day(prenominal) forms or, more likely, a rapid growthearly in Earth history followed by a long-term steady continental area. Continents formed by plate tectonics, a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from the earths interior. Ontime scales lasting hundreds of millions of years, the supercontinents have formed and broken up trine times. Roughly 750 mya (million years ago), one of the earliest known supercontinents, Rodi nia, began to break apart.The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600540 mya, then finally Pangaea, which also broke apart clxxx mya. Evolution of life Highly energetic chemistry is thought to have produced a self-replicating molecule around 4 bya and half a billion years later the last common ancestor of all life existed. The training of photosynthesis allowed the Suns energy to be harvested directly by life forms the expiration oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere and formed a layer of ozone (a form of molecular oxygen O3) in the upper atmosphere.The incorporation of humiliateder cells within larger ones resulted in the development of complex cells called eukaryotes. True multicellular organisms formed as cells within colonies became increasingly specialized. Aided by the absorption of harmful ultraviolet light radiation by the ozone layer, life colonized the surface of Earth. Since the 1960s, it has been hypothesized that severe glacial action between 750 and 580 m ya, during the Neoproterozoic, covered much of the planet in a sheet of ice. This hypothesis has been termed Snowball Earth, and is of particular interest because it preceded he Cambrian explosion, when multicellular life forms began to proliferate.Following the Cambrian explosion, about 535 mya, there have been cinque major mass extinctions. 55 The most recent much(prenominal) event was 65 mya, when an asteroid impact triggered the extinction of the (non-avian) dinosaurs and other large reptiles, but spared some small animals such as mammals, which then resembled shrews. Over the past 65 myr, mammalian life has diversified, and several million years ago an African ape-like animal such as Orrorin tugenensis gained the ability to stand upright.This enabled tool use and encouraged communication that provided the nutrition and stimulation needed for a larger brain, which allowed the evolution of the human race. The development of agriculture, and then civilization, allowed humans to influence the Earth in a short time span as no other life form had, modify both the nature and quantity of other life forms. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 mya and then intensified during the Pleistocene about 3 mya. High-latitude regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40100,000 years. The last continental glaciation ended 10,000 years ago.

Gender Roles in Sports Essay

sex Roles in Sports Ever since the beginning of the Olympics Games in Greece in 776 B. C. , wo hands have always been put on the back burner when it comes to sports. To this day in that location ar very noticeable differences in womens sports compargond the nature of mens sports. Women and men alike experience their inequalities in sports. For example, of you were to ask a root of people what they would rather watch womens basketb solely or mens basketb every generally speaking the majority of the group would favor honoring mens basketball.On the contrary, most individuals would rather watch womens synchronized swimming as opposed to mens synchronized swimming. Sports and all things involved are a business. Men playing professional sports keep up nonrecreational drastically more than women playing professional sports. It would be highly unlikely for a wo public to get paid a 60 million dollar contract over six years like a man in professional sports would. According to www. therichest. org, soccer player David Beckham is currently worth 219 million dollars. He made 40 million dollars last year.If you compare that to the highest paid womens athlete, Maria Sharapova, who made over 25 million dollars, this fact proclaims that fans pay drastically more to expose males to play professional sports. According to www. therichest. org, the ten-spotner highest paid professional womens athlete made 113 million dollars over the past twelve months, up only one percent from the year 2010. The ten highest paid, professional male sports athletes collectively made 449 million dollars. The reason they set up the Olympics Games like they did in 776 B.C. , by not allowing to participate or purge watch, is because the spectators indigenceed to only have the strongest, fastest, and most durable to play and even witness the games. The games were a tribute to the Greek God Zeus. The people of Greece wanted to show up Zeus the best of the best in their society. People do nt want to watch women play sports just like they dont want to watch dumb people play chess or jeopardy. Its logic, not sexism. When you watch the WNBA the most exciting thing you see is a rearward layup or a no look pass.When you watch the NBA, you see a man doing three hundred sixty degree slam dunks and all kinds of other cool tricks that naturally appease the like of their fans. The dynamic presence of men doing what women seatt inevitably draws a bigger crowd. Contact sports especially have a really addictive and enticing nature well-nigh them that womens sports simply dont have. All these aspects of sate driven sports are masculine, testosterone driven traits that are unlike the nature of women.This is the main reason their participation is absent and men govern the sports fans wants. Gender inequality in sports has always been a growing problem up until June 23, 1973 when President Nixon signed Title IX. This law was a huge victory for women in the fight for equality in sports. The law prohibits sex discrimination in any education program or activity within any intromission any type of Federal financial assistance, according to Duffy. This was womens first chance to gain legal equality in sports.Women didnt just get equality from this law, but they also got opportunity for equality. This law addressed the historical discrimination women have typefaced ever since the beginning of the Olympics first came about in 776 B. C. There is no womens professional football team or any kind of football league for women. Men are not enkindle in watching women play the types of sports that men are always termination to be better at. The only exception is womens football where they play wearying lingerie its sick how society works like that.The NBA is in a lock out as this paper is being typed. You can see the progress on the news every day. If the WNBA were to be in a lockout, the chances of it being on the news every day is highly unlikely. There are in fact sports that women are becoming more popular in like golf, gymnastics, descriptor skating, volleyball, and tennis. These sports complement the shape of a womans body. Also, figure skating, volleyball, and gymnastics are sports the women are especially better at due to their elegant figures and different bone structure.The stars of these sports are portrayed as sexy, curvy, graceful, and radiant. Men who are famous with sports like basketball, football, baseball, and soccer are known to be strong, dominant, and masculine. The thought was that if women participated in strenuous activity that they would damage their reproductive organs, which would ultimately not fulfill an absurd belief that the primary role of women in society was to have children and care for the men, heard from the thoughts of Murphy. Women in society in general are the face of modeling and sexy images.Commercials, advertisements, and every day television programs have sexy women posing with whatever it is they ar e trying to sell. This works the same way with them in sports. Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Edition has a whole lot of sexy women posing in skimpy swimwear. That goes the same for the sports theyre involved in that are popular. For these reasons, women dominate those sports which lead to their popularity when it came to people watching them. Theres always the stereotype that women are lesbians or decametres for playing sports that require adequate physical strength and endurance.For instance, anaerobic exercise has always been a mans sport. Women are always thought to be feminine and when you see a woman who is at least twice your size judgments go through the roof not only with the judges, but with the audience as well. In Jennifer Banas topic of Women Athletes in Male Dominated Sports, she speaks her sense when saying, Now, the contestants should be judged on muscle tone of the body right. Wrong. In order to get which women has the best and most well defined body, the judges fe el compelled to define body in relation to women. Recalling a time there was a girl at my old high school that graduated and went on to fall in a volleyball team at a college. After her first visit home, she was utterly disappointed to find her peers had started a rumor about her that she was a lesbian and thats why she joined the team in the first place. It broke her heart to get that type of support, or lack thereof, from the people she grew up with who fully knew she was never a lesbian. Football is another example of this. If a woman decides she wants to become a football player, she should not have to worry about what her peers are going to say or think about her.She shouldnt have to worry about being called those names like lesbian and dike if she wants to be a football player. When it comes to being in these competitions with lady football players, the judgments are a bit skewed and distorted due to the fact that men are typically associated with strong and large muscles. So when spectators have to look at a female figure, that has the typical aspects of a males figure, it can be a little confusing. The assumptions and discrimination still goes on to this day even if there is a law prohibiting it.It has been an issue since sports were first celebrated on a large scale in Greece 776 B. C. Although society is slowly but surely progressing towards a more open-minded view when it comes to sports, there is always going to be a gap when it comes to overall crowd appeal. Mens sports are more interesting to watch simply due to the fact that they are better, faster, stronger, and intense. It all boils down to the money, and mens sports generate more money. For these reasons gender inequality will always be a persisting problem in sports. Work Citied Page Duffy, Felice M. (2000). Twenty-seven years post title ix.http//heinonline. org/http//serendip. brynmawr. edu/local/scisoc/sports02/papers/emurphy. html http//www. therichest. org/sports/forbes-highest-paid-fem ale-athletes/http//serendip. brynmawr. edu/local/scisoc/sports02/papers/jbanas. html

Negotiable Instrument and Secured Transactions

certified public accountant polity negotiable Instruments and Secured proceedings Negotiable Instruments and Secured proceeding What is a note and who argon the parties to a note? 2011 charge internationalist 91 A note is a written promise to pay notes. Notes ar different from drafts in that notes atomic number 18 a promise to pay. If thither is each doubt whether a document is a note or a draft, the toter of the document can get chthonic ones skin up what it is. There are two parties involved in a note.1) The Issuer (Maker) is the promisor. This is the troupe who is have to pay the note.2) The Payee is the person to whom the note is owed. The Payee will receive the money paying by the Issuer. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What is a draft and who are the parties to a draft? 2011 plume international 92A draft is a written order to pay money. In a draft, one party orders another party to pay money to yet a tierce party. If there is any doubt whether a document is a note or a draft, the holder of the document can decide what it is. There are three parties involved in a note1) The Drawer The drawer writes and signs the note,2) The Drawee (usually a bound) The drawee is ordered by the drawer to pay the Payee, and3) The Payee The payee will receive the money from the drawee. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What are the common compositors cases of notes and drafts? 2011 HOCK international 93The of import types of notes are1) certificate of deposit (a bank promissory note)2) metre note (account payable at a specific time in the future)3) demand note (payable when it is presented to the issuer) and4) installment note (the principal is payable over time).The main types of drafts are1) checks (written on a bank and payable on demand, requiring the drawee to be a bank)2) cashiers checks (a check that is drawn by a bank on itself)3) trade acceptances (a seller of goods writes a draft ordering the buyer to pay at a future time)4) sight drafts (a draft payable when it is delivered) and5) time drafts (a draft payable with a certain period of time). CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What are the five elements of negotiability? 2011 HOCK international 94In order for an official document to be negotiable, it must(prenominal) sacrifice the following five elements1) It must be in paper and sign(a) by the issuer.2) There must be a sum certain.3) There must be an unconditional promise or order to pay.4) It must be payable upon demand or at a specific time.5) It must be payable either to order or to carrier. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What are the necessitys for the writing and signature? 2011 HOCK international 95A negotiable pecker cannot be an oral communication it must be written. However, there is no requirement that the writing be on a piece of paper (the writing whitethorn be on other item s).Additionally, the putz must be signed by the issuer, or drawer, to be considered negotiable. The use of any symbol executed or adopted by a party with a present aim to authenticate a writing is sufficient to meet the definition of signed. Thus, a signature can be made manually or by manner of a device or a machine, and it can use any name (including a trade or business name) so long as the signatory intends to authenticate the writing. The signature can also be a sign or symbol different from the persons name. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured TransactionsWhat are the exceptions to a sum certain? 2011 HOCK international 96Though these items appear to contradict the sum certain requirement, the following items do not reverse the negotiability of a note1) A disparity between the words and numbers on an puppet (in this case the written words are used, not the numbers)2) A provision for collection costs (including attorneys fees in the event of the debtors defau lt)3) A reference to an exchange rate and4) Variable interest rate provisions. However, the cats-paw must be payable only and completely in money. Thus, a note fails the negotiability est if the note specifies that it is payable in money and/or personal work or goods. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What does unconditional mean for a negotiable instrument? 2011 HOCK international 97The instrument must be a simple unconditional promise (in the case of notes) or a simple unconditional order (in the case of drafts). Thus, an instrument must be a courier without luggage. This heart and soul that the promise or order must not be contingent on some other event happening. If, for example, an instrument says, I promise to pay, contingent upon satisfactory completion of the terms of he constringe signed today, then the note is not negotiable because it is conditional. However, if instead the instrument says, As per the contract signed today, I promise to p ay, then this instrument is negotiable because it only makes reference to an underlying contract. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What types of conditions may exist in a negotiable instrument without destroying its negotiability? 2011 HOCK international 98 There are, certain conditions that may exist in the instrument without destroying the negotiability of the instrument1) A promise or order is not made conditional if it makes eference to another writing for the statement of rights with respect to collateral, a pre pay clause, or an acceleration clause or because payment is limited to a particular source.2) Acceleration clauses enable the creditor to collect more quickly should the debtor not make timely payment. These are permitted because they minimize the burden on creditors and courts.3) If a promise or order requires countersignature by persons whose signature appears on the promise or order, as condition of payment, this condition does not make the promise or order conditional. This instrument would continue to be negotiable.The key point regarding negotiability for these types of clauses is whether the amount or certainty of payment is not changed by this clause. If no change will occur, negotiability is not impacted. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What are the requirements for the time of payment? 2011 HOCK international 99Since the holder of the instrument must be able to determine when it comes due, the instrument must be payable on demand or at a definite time. The time does not need to be a specific date in the future as long as there is reference in the instrument that enables the time o be determined. Despite the fact that there needs to be a date of payment, there is no requirement that an instrument be dated. Undated instruments are negotiable and are treated as payable on demand by the holder. Instruments may also be antedated (backdated) or postdated. An instrument payable on d emand is not payable before the date that is written on its face. It is also viable for the time period for payment to be extended without destroying the negotiability of the instrument. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions To whom must a negotiable instrument be payable? 2011 HOCK international 100In order to be negotiable, the instrument must contain the words of negotiability payable to bearer or payable to order. 1) An instrument is payable to bearer if ita) states that it is payable to the bearer or to the order of the bearerb) does not state a payee orc) is payable to the order of cash or is not payable to an determine person. An instrument payable to bearer allows whoever holds the instrument to exercise the instruments rights without warranty by the maker of the instrument.2) An instrument payable to order specifies the person o whom payment should be made. Because there is a named payee, until the named person makes a change over of his rights by indorsing the instrument, the instrument cannot be redeemed for value and cannot be readily transferred to a red-hot holder. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions List and define the three stages in the life of a negotiable instrument. 2011 HOCK international 101There are three stages in a negotiable instruments life1) Issuance when the instrument is created and transferred to the first holder, The issuance of the instrument is not a negotiation. 2) conduct when the instrument is transferred from one holder to another3) Presentment when the instrument is presented for payment and after payment is made ceases to exist as an instrument. carry and presentment of an instrument may constitute a negotiation. Physical transfer of the instrument gives to the transferee ( pass catcher) whatever right the transferor (giver) had in instrument. If the transferee becomes a holder of the instrument, then the transfer is called negotiation. The personal manner tha t an instrument is transferred depends on whether the instrument is payable to bearer or to order. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions How may order and bearer instruments be transferred? 2011 HOCK international 102Transfer of Bearer Paper If an instrument is made out to bearer, the person who physically possesses the instrument is the holder. Since the holder is determined by physical possession alone, a bearer instrument may be transferred scarce by giving the instrument to another person. The indorsement (signature) of the previous holder is not required to pull off bearer paper. Transfer of Order Paper If the instrument is payable o the order of someone, then the identified person is the bearer once he or she has the negotiable instrument in his possession. However, the negotiation of order paper to another person requires the indorsement by the named party. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What are blank and extra i ndorsements? 2011 HOCK international 103Blank indorsement is when the payee simply signs his or her name to the back of the instrument. A blank indorsement automatically converts an order instrument to a bearer instrument. However, the holder of an instrument with a blank indorsement can convert the nstrument to order paper by writing a new payee above the blank indorsement. With a special indorsement, if the payee wishes to preserve the order character of the instrument, then the payee may specify a new payee. After this first special indorsement, the signature of the new payee is required for further negotiation of the instrument. If a special indorsement is placed on bearer paper, the special indorsement makes it order paper. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What are regulative and qualified indorsements? 2011 HOCK international 104Restrictive indorsement when the payee adds a condition to the payment of the instrument. Negotiation and further tra nsfer of the instrument are not impaired. Examples are a restriction for deposit only, or for payment after the completion of X. Banks may ignore all restrictive indorsements except those made by the immediate transferor. Qualified indorsement payee signs his name and adds without recourse. Without this statement added to an indorsement, the signatory guarantees payment if the original parties do not pay, the signatory will. To neutralise this indebtedness, the signatory indorses the check with the words without recourse. A qualified indorsement does not destroy the negotiability of the instrument and does not prevent its transfer. Instead a qualified indorsement makes it order paper. As a result, it must be indorsed before it can be negotiated. A qualified indorsement eliminates the subscribers contract obligation (guarantee of payment), but not his warranty financial obligation. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What happens if a negotiable ins trument presented for payment is rejected by the payor? 2011 HOCK international 105If a payor does not agree to make payment or to accept n instrument that has been presented to them, then the payor has dishonored the instrument. This refusal to make payment gives the instrument holder the right of recourse against the parties with secondary liability. In some cases this process of dishonoring an instrument can be done orally. In other cases written documentation, including a discover of dishonor, is necessary in order to establish legally the secondary liability against other parties to the instrument such as the indorser. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What party has primary liability for a negotiable instrument? 2011 HOCK international 106Primary liability is the liability of makers and acceptors (and sometimes alteration parties, too). Primary liability means that the maker or acceptor is obligated to pay the instrument before any other party. 1) Maker. This is the party who is obligated to pay a promissory note (not a check the person who writes a check is called the drawer, below) according to the terms that existed at the time of issuance. 2) Acceptor. The drawee (the bank) has no liability for payment until he accepts the draft. Once the drawee accepts the draft (by sign it), he becomes n acceptor and agrees to pay the draft as presented. Thus, if the acceptor signs an incomplete draft (for example, the amount is blank), he is liable for any unauthorized amount later make full in. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions Who has secondary liability for a negotiable instrument? 2011 HOCK international 107Secondary liability is the liability that drawers and indorsers have for the instrument. Drawers and indorsers are required to pay for the instrument only if the party with primary liability fails to pay. 1) A Drawers Liability. The drawer is the person who rote learning the draft and in so d oing ordered another party (usually a bank) to make payment. The drawer does not expressly promise to pay the instrument himself or herself, but implicitly guarantees payment by virtue of using the drawee as a payment agent. In the event that the drawee refuses to pay a draft, the drawer is obligated to pay so long as the drawer is notified of the drawees dishonor of the draft. 2) An Indorsers Liability. An indorser is someone other than the maker, drawer or acceptor who signs the instrument to negotiate it, restrict it or just to incur liability. The indorsers signature is called an indorsement. An indorsers liability is created once an instrument has been dishonored and the indorser has been notified of the dishonor. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What are the 5 warranties that a transferor makes in respect to the negotiable instrument that is being transferred? 2011 HOCK international 108Warranty liability relates to the warranties (promises, or g uarantees) that are made by a transferor in respect to the instrument that is being transferred. The transferor warrants that 1) Good title to the instrument exists and the instrument is enforceable (it is their instrument to transfer). ) All signatures are authorized and genuine (meaning that there are no forgeries). 3) There are no material alterations (for example, the dollar amount has not been increased). 4) The transferor has no knowledge of any insolvency proceedings associated with the instrument. 5) There are no defenses that can be asserted against the transferor that would prevent payment of the instrument. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions To which parties are warranties made by a transferor of a negotiable instrument? 2011 HOCK international 109The parties to whom warranty liability is incurred depend n how the instrument is transferred 1) Transfer with Indorsement. When the transferor signs the instrument, he or she incurs warranty liabili ty with respect to the immediate transferee and all subsequent (following) transferees. 2) Transfer without Indorsement. If the transfer is made without the indorsement of the transferor, the transferor incurs warranty liability only with respect to the immediate transferee (recipient). Therefore, it is better for the transferor to transfer without indorsement if that is possible. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What are accommodation parties nd what type of liability do they have? 2011 HOCK international 110An accommodation party is a party who signs an instrument as maker, drawer, acceptor or indorser with the deliberate advise of backing the obligation of another party (the accommodated party). Thus, the accommodation party incurs liability without being a direct beneficiary of the instrument (this is true even if the accommodation party acts as a paid surety the key is that someone else gets a direct benefit of value devoted for an instrument). Accommodation parties incur no warranty liability, but they do incur secondary contract liability just like rawers and indorsers. Additionally, an accommodation party has primary contract liability if he or she signs on behalf of a notes maker. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions How may liability on an instrument be over(p)? 2011 HOCK international 111A person who is liable for an instrument can be discharged of some or all of the liabilities through 1) Discharge by writ of execution (payment of the instrument). 2) Discharge by Mere Tender of Payment. The party who offers payment to the holder is discharged from any future liability for collection costs, interest and attorneys fees. ) Discharge by Cancellation or Renunciation. 4) Discharge by Material Alteration. If the amount of an instrument is changed fraudulently, this discharges all previous signatories. 5) Certification of a Check by a Bank. This discharges all preliminary parties to the instrum ent as the bank becomes primarily liable for the check. 6) Unexcused Delay in Payment. With unreasonable delay in the presentation of the instrument, previous signatories may be discharged. 7) Discharge Through Release of the Collateral. When collateral is released, the original promisor is also released. CPA RegulationNegotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What are the four requirements to be a holder in due course and what are the benefits? 2011 HOCK international 112 A holder in due course (HDC) has special status. This status protects an innocent third party (the HDC) from losing his or her investment in a negotiable instrument due to some underlying problem with the instrument. There are four requirements that must be met for a holder to be an HDC 1) Holder. The individual must be a holder of a negotiable instrument. 2) Value Given. The holder must have given present or past value (not future value) for the instrument. ) Good Faith. The holder must have acted in good faith in the acquisition of the instrument. 4) No Notice of Defect. The holder must take the instrument without notice that the instrument is overdue, has been dishonored, or has been forged. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What is a holder under a holder in due course and what are the benefits of this status? 2011 HOCK international 113The transfer of a negotiable instrument gives to the recipient (the transferee) any rights the transferor had to enforce the instrument. This includes the rights as an HDC. This means that when an HDC transfers the instrument to someone else, that recipient automatically has all of the same rights as an HDC. If the recipient meets the requirements as an HDC, they will be an HDC. If, however, the recipient does not meet the HDC requirements (perhaps they received the instrument as a gift), they will be a Holder Under Holder in Due hunt down (HUHDC) if the transferor was an HDC. This means that it is possible for a pers on who would not be an HDC (perhaps because he or she knew about some defect or the instrument was overdue) to be an HDC simply because the person from whom they obtained the nstrument was an HDC. This is the case regardless of whether the transfer is a negotiation or a gift. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments and Secured Transactions What are the real defenses? 2011 HOCK international 114When an HDC makes a claim to force payment, the only defenses that the person can use to prevent having to make payment to the HDC are real defenses. Real defenses bushel the validity of the instrument itself. By using a real defense, the defendant (who tries not to pay) claims that the instrument was never actually an instrument and they never had a liability to that person. They include ) Infancy. 2) Duress. 3) Incapacity. 4) Illegality. 5) Discharge in Bankruptcy. 6) Fraud in the Execution. 7) Forgery. 8) Alteration. 9) Subsequent Claims and Defenses. CPA Regulation Negotiable Instruments a nd Secured Transactions What are the personal defenses? 2011 HOCK international cxv All other defenses, other than real defenses, are personal defenses. Examples of personal defenses are 1) Fraud in the inducement 2) Lack of consideration 3) Breach of contract and 4) Mistakes. Personal defenses are ineffective against HDCs. This means that these defenses will not prevent someone from having to pay the HDC.

Terrorism Can Be Defeated If We Tackle Its Root Causes †Poverty and Injustice

In todays world, the issue of terrorist act has been prevalent. Due to the expanse and connectivity of the Internet, some(a) believe that terrorism is now an entrepreneurial atomic number 18na with the Internet as its global recruiting station. Poverty and injustice are some of the root causes of terrorism, but these are not the wholly factors that trigger terrorism. Hence, terrorism may be disappointed or abated if we tackle other factors such as religious influence. A minority believes that tackling poverty cannot defeat terrorism. They believe that terrorist groups eschew from recruiting the poor.A high level of educational attainment is seen as signal of ones commitment to a cause and determination, it also indicates his ability to prepare for an assignment and carry it off. Additionally, terrorist groups may offer more benefits than what one may get in reality this may also attract more educated but unprincipled individuals into terrorism. For example, well-educated indivi duals may be eager to participate in terrorist groups if they think that they will shoot for away leadership positions if they succeed. On the other hand, poverty stricken individuals may be targets for the spread of terrorism. both(prenominal) these individuals are desperate to even stake their lives on shocking acts just to provide financial sustenance for their family. As a result, these individuals become easy prey for terrorist groups. Terrorists groups preach their idea of providing salvation to these troubled people, effectively convert them to do to their bidding. They promise to reward the victims family with money to mitigate their situation of poverty. In most cases, the victim becomes a suicide bomber, a martyrise bent on avenging his fate believing that his family will be rewarded for his act of bravery.Many believe that by alleviating poverty, terrorism can be solved. Based on an observation by Gary Becker, a professor at the University of Chicago Business School. He saw that nations or regions that are experiencing rapid growth appear to allow lower incidences of terrorism. This led Becker to believe that political activism and violent activity becomes little appealing to individuals when their economic opportunities expand. People are open to more options and are less likely to resort to desperate measures. Hence, terrorism may be reduced if poverty is lessened.Some believe that getting rid of injustices cannot solve terrorism. Though the judicature may believe that their actions are fair and justified the public and especially extremist groups may not. These extremist groups live by their own ideology, which is seldom paralleled by the governments actions. Take for example, The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. They are a separatist organization formerly based in northern Sri Lanka They sought to take a leak an independent Tamil State in the north and east of Sri Lanka.This campaign spiraled into the Sri Lankan Civil War as the Sri Lan kan government refused to agree to their demands. In this case, it is almost unattainable to defeat terrorism by righting injustices. However, many argue that by righting injustices, terrorism can be reduced. In some cases, the origin of the intention of terrorism is when injustices take place. When a particular community feels that they are wrongly accused or that the law is unfair some of them take matters into their own hands. They believe that force is the only way to change biased laws.I acknowledge that it is difficult to change the mindset of extremist groups, as they are extremely demanding. However, terrorism can be reduced if we treat everyone with equality. Take for example, when pictures of American soldiers abusing prisoners in Saddams notorious prison were released. There was a global outcry against these animalistic acts. By reducing these crimes, it reduces the evil that people might feels towards the Americans. It also lessens the chance of normal civilians becomi ng terrorists.Hence, by tacking the injustices, fewer civilians would feel mistreated and terrorism can be reduced. I believe that the greatest player in terrorism is religious influence. These religious influences come in the form of extremist views on very sensitive issues. Some feel that religion is used to brainwash terrorists. An example can be seen from the case of Nidal Malik Hasan. He was an Army major and then turned into a throne murderer, fatally shooting twelve people on Americas largest military base.Many believed that Hasans path began to take a twist when he attended the Dar Al-Hijrah mosque in Falls Church. Coincidentally, two of the 9/11 hijackers attended this mosque too. Although there was no evidence that the mosque had preached extremist views to Hasan, many argue that he was be brainwashed. It is difficult to stamp out religious influence of this kind as evidence is weak and interference with religious places can lead to conflict. With the large electronic n etwork of the Internet, religious views can be spread through these media networks.There is a plethora of YouTube videos and sermons that can be downloaded from the Internet, leaving the viewer with visions of carnage dancing in their heads. These terrorist groups garner attention via the Internet. This can be seen when Al-Qaeda posted footages of roadside bombings, the decapitation of American hostage Nick Berg, and the kidnapping of Egyptian and Algerian diplomats foregoing to their execution. The government can be vigilant by actively banning or censoring such websites. Video-sharing such as Youtube should act responsibly and rack up these inappropriate videos.By taking down such videos, the outreach of religious influence through the Internet can be tapered. Albeit terrorism is difficult to be defeated by attempting to stamp out the ramification of religious influence, acts of terrorism can be reduced through the Internet. To conclude, I believe that terrorism must be tackled not only from the aspect of injustice and poverty but also the religious aspect. Although terrorism cannot be totally defeated we can reduce the acts of terrorism by holistically solving problems such as injustice, poverty and the spread of extremist views through religious influences.

The returning of the moon man

One Autumn evening of the same year, Griffith s family heard a noise, they went to the street and they spy that a spacecraft departed from London, it would be the first expedition to the moon but It had crashed and an astronaut was wound so they needed someone to go In his place _ grandfather didnt let Deal go with them and took the place of the injured man, so he went to the moon. He was there for a dour date so Grand married another man, as she believed that her husband would not return from space, and they went to 1954 for they honeymoon.However, Grandfather came back and when e discovered what had happened, he chased them to 1954, where he smashed the Time Machine and imprisoned Grand in a nunnery. 9. Write the names of the characters. Grandfather Griffith Grand Deal my father Browne, the narrator Mother electrical Plumber Williams, Uncle Space-ship-Repairs Jones Auntie Space-ship-Repeals Jones The Moon Men Lonely Time Machine. 10. Choose two characters that have affect you the most and build up their profiles Name Grandfather Griffith Role in the level He is a main(prenominal) character. Description (appearance, personality, actions) He is tall, fiery, old and hard. Great shining rocket. He shot out his long arm and grasped a chopper. Name Grand Role in the story She is a main character. He is like Description (appearance, personality, actions) She uses black clothes, pathetic- looking little woman. She is sad, progressive, persistent, ignorant and angry. Grand shivered and sighed. 11. Describe the lay of the story (time and place). Time- A. D. 2500. Place- Pen-Y- Craig Farm in Rural Wales. 12. Describe the main action/topic/theme of the story. The story occurs in the Rural Wales when the light appeared. C. 13. Explain the meaning of the story title.Grandfather goes to the Moon for a long time and then he returns. 14. Give it another title. Grandfather goes to the Moon. 15. Give the story a different ending. When Grandfather came back from the Moo n and discovered Grand had married with another man, he chased them. After having held them, he found a convent to leave Grand. Grandfather wanted to return to the moon with intentions of staying there to live so past few days he went to the moon and never returned, leaving everyone to think that his life was on the moon. 16. Write two quotes from the story that you liked and explain your choices. She

Maya Angelou Essay

During this cryst every last(predicate)ise period you need to complete the following essay. Please type it and use proper formatting. The stories are all posted on your Edline page under assignments. You do NOT need the internet for ANY separate REASON. When you have completed the essay you need to do the FRED book assignment below.Comparing TextsAuthor use up Maya AngelouWriting a Response to Literature Biographical ApproachMaya Angelou has remarked, Im everlastingly invigorate by men and women who riseThat ability to rise is nobleness of the human spirit. Write an essay in which you fail Angelous beliefs about the human spirit, as reflected in the four works you just read. Before you begin, need what Angelou has to say about her work I speak to the black experience, but I am always talking about the human conditionabout what we can endure, dream, fail at, and still survive. Writing Your raise As you plan, draft, and revise your essay, keep the following tips in mind In the introduction, or the beginning of your essay, complicate a specific thesis statement that presents the key point you will prove in your essay. incarnate your ideas with evidence from the four selections. Be sure to analyze how Angelous tone and use of stylistic devices stand to the expression of her themes or main ideas. fix sure that every paragraph has unity and coherence. All the sentences in the paragraph should relate to one main idea and help develop that idea. End your essay with a conclusion in which you summarize your main points. Include a new, but related, closing insight or reflection.Create a one-page document that shows you have understood the book with the 2 parts below check 1 First, think of the symbols in the book. and then, find pictures using Google images or Clip Art and paste them into the document. Then give a 1-2 sentence reason for the symbol. Part 2 Write a book review. Make sure you convince me you have read it thoroughly It should be no more than 1-2 paragraphs. (If you do non finish in class, send to me via email before the end of the day vocabqueenbgmail.com)

Colonialism in America

compoundism as the colonisation of thought utilise at least two fountain-studies from different periods, discuss how an interest in righteousness may rear to understandings of colonial and royal beard encounters. David Bliss 1 May, 2013 university of Leister Word count 2,984 Introduction An Interest In holiness may contribute to understanding of colonial and Imperial encounters by providing a window into the daily lives at colonies that evoke augment other sources or stand on its own.Both historical and archaeological exhibit is purchasable from periods of colonialism and this evidence stinker help us understand how effective these efforts were at impacting the lives of both the colonisers and colonized, and the relations among colonial and Imperial forces. Colonial history Is by no means homogeneous and severally case needs to be looked at In Its own light taking Into account the motives of all players, the geography, and pre-existing systems.Indeed, even at a c ertain location, the results varied. This paper examines how piety interplay with colonialism and what was the impact on certain cases to colonizers and the colonized in terms of the colonization f consciousness. It exit attempt to de delightful this term, and then issue examples with varying courses of relevance on understanding the colonial/lamellar Interplay. Defining the question What is studied? Religion is one bowl of rent in understanding colonial and royal encounters.It has been identified as one of the collar Ms of imperial encounters merchants, delegacyaries, and military (Choppy 200245). It provides a more-rounded understanding of colonial and Imperial encounters than as disparate observations. through and through religious buildings and Iconography, burials, and the physical trappings of elisions orders and their representatives that are Important material expressions of trust, we have physical remains that, on with historical documents, give us insight into the lives of the colonized and colonizers.Religious historical and material remains of past societies provide a source of information for the workings of the sacred In social emotional declare and, for the purposes of this paper, the workings of how colonial life change natives and colonists. T here(predicate) has been ritual arranges and symbolic systems. This continual interest in religious life has contributed to important theoretical innovations, such as the pacifiers colonization f consciousness framework (ROB 2011). What is meant by an interest in religion?Archaeologists often assume that ritual is a form of human serve that leaves material traces, whereas religion is a more abstract symbolic system consisting of beliefs, myths, and doctrines (Insole 2004). This perception began to multifariousness with the orgasm of more practice-oriented approaches to the anthropology of religion (Boggling 2007). In this paper, I view an interest in religion as the historical docume nts and material evidence created by religious agents.It can certainly be argued that more of those are secular in nature rather than religious, UT the purpose of this paper is non to define religion, but to look at a broader interest in religion. In the cases of colonial encounters, the evidence we have is heavily related to missionaries and their mission of conversion in the form of direct historical documents and direct material evidence. Colonialism has been one of the most evidential phenomena in the history of humankind in the buy the farm three hundred years or so.Religious evidence shows us that Christian missionaries were associated with imperialist elaboration and can put away light on the understanding of these encounters. It seems probable, then, that missionaries were evidentiary intermediaries in the construction of global Imperialism in its universalistic dimension. Colonization of consciousness is a do termed by encourage & Comfort in their study of siemens Africa (Comfort and Comfort 1991). It is a merging of two wrangling that are, in themselves, broad in interpretation and combined are more-so.As George Miller wrote in 1962, Consciousness is a word worn smooth by a million tongues. It is used in m whatsoever contexts and many interpretations of those contexts. Colonization is broad concept that is not a simple process to define either. For the purposes of this paper, I will use the definition by Lane Colonization of consciousness is the adoption of and adherence to a patch set of beliefs that come to be manifested in the daily workings of a society and the every(prenominal)day practice of its members (Lane 2001).This does not mean a complete electric switch of pre-existing beliefs and track of life (Williams and Chairman). Colonization of consciousness involves a changing of the daily life. Colonialism and imperialism colonize consciousness by shaping normal life at a global level, influencing language spoken, the clothes w orn, food eaten, and over time, arts and culture (Blatant and Burton 20051). Answering the movement In some instances, military actions were lock-step with imperial interests, but in many this is not the case. Studying religion will not provide a full understanding of the colonial/imperial interplay.Historian Andrew Porter identifies three separate literatures within which the fibre of religion has conventionally been considered imperial historiography, imperial histories of religious/ecclesiastical developments, and, finally, regional or colonial histories (Porter 2004). He sees a need to bridge the historiography gulfs arising from their relative discreteness. By viewing these missions and imperium was more variable and complex than is commonly acknowledged (Keenan 2004 xii-iii). The writings of missionaries often provide an alternative study to narratives written by colonial employees and military.By studying mission texts, physical evidence, and ritual evidence, we can see h ow the daily lives of the colonized and colonizers changed through their interactions. Religious texts shed light on the relationship between colonial and imperial encounters either as agents of those encounters, such as missionaries in chinaware or as hire-parties such as in the colonizing of the Yucatan at generation, in a foreign environment, with foreign languages, laws, and customs to navigate those both of the colonizer and the colonized missionaries writings provide an insight into the frameworks of the colonial regimens amongst which they worked.Evidence needs to be viewed critically when looking to religion to understand colonialism. Large churches housing many native members does not mean their beliefs or daily lives were any different than before. Detailed textual accounts of conversions and missionary successes may not reflect the aline consciousness of the datives as that may not have been the goal of the texts or that they written with bias. In many cases, such a s Africa and the Yucatan, the number of missionaries was extremely small and the entire operation relied on the perception of success back home.It stands to reason that narratives and official documents idealized the missionary mission and success. We simply cannot be sure how successful the impact of conversion as an act had on changing the consciousness of the population in any significant air or how large a role missionaries actually played in colonization, or that the role was as an agent of empire. To add to the ambiguity, direct texts from native population are often not available to ratio these accounts.Historical archaeologists have made major contributions to the understanding of the religion and ritual of peoples who have remained underrepresented (or misrepresented) in the historical book of account, such as colonized peoples (Hanks 2010). What we also do have evidence of in some cases, such as the Yucatan or China, is the impact Western religion had on contemporary r esidents. Case Study Tsarina South Africa nineteenth Century In Southern Tsarina chiefly the Dilating and Erelong, Christian missions have laded a role in shaping African consciousness.Although the Christian missionary activity exercised over the South Africans presented itself in strictly religious terms, the impact it had and the way it substantially changed the everyday life of the subjects of colonization shows how it was in fact tightly bound with the discourse of modern imperialism itself and how it stepped across the religious sphere and affected other spheres of life. The European colonization of Africa was often less a directly coercive conquest than a persuasive attempt to colonize consciousness, to make people by redefining the taken-for-granted surfaces of their everyday worlds.This is evident in the colonial evangelism among the Southern Tsarina (Comfort and Comfort 1991 29). On the one hand, the missionaries openly used all the resources and techniques at their disp osal to make an impact on the Africans that is, to convert people through reasoned argument and bend chiefs to their wills, to affect the power embedded in the practices of their culture, practices that were gradually inculcated into the natives even as they refused to hear the gospel and struggled to MIT the impact of colonization on their communities.The material disgrace from missions can be examined as a reflection of the idea of changing cultural imagination and order of a conceptual universe. Religion again places a central role here, suggesting of the many aspects of the material record that might reflect native conceptual gains, the most revealing are in the record of Christianization process But again stressing archaeologists must be careful not to adopt the simplistic approach of colonial Catholic priests and interpret the material culture of mission ties as manifestations of wither acceptance or rejection of Christianity (Comfort and Comfort 1991 29).Although resistanc e to this mission existed, expressions of resistance do not preclude the colonization of consciousness. A complete replacement of the daily life and beliefs of a host society is not required to bring about a colonization of consciousness. In fact, new forms of defiance to imperial rule could be argued as well to be a change in daily life brought on by the missionaries and imperial agents. The missionaries played a political role in colonizing the natives ND serving as agents for the crown through which the Tsarina were reworked to the metre of capitalist civilization.However, what has to be kept in mind is that primarily the missionaries side is heard and they have every reason to exclaim their success in converting the consciousness of the Tsarina. In the historical evidence, the Tsarina have wee voice to share their side of the story (Comfort 1986). Studying religion in this case alone would not offer a complete picture. Imperial history tells another story of bringing represent ative government to chiefdoms that, over time, exulted in coercion by British force.The colonial wars stemming from imperial ambitions on trade-routes to India and mineral deposits would not be seen through solely a religious lens. Imperial ideas of the time that pitted European countries against each other who all felt a right to own new territories is an aspect of the colonial/imperial relationship that an interest in religion alone would not evidence. Still, an interest in religion contributes to the study of colonization in South Africa and helps our understanding of the dynamics between colonial and imperial forces.Case Study 19th and 20th Century Missions to China There are fundamental differences between Tsarina society and a large-scale bureaucratic state like China in the nineteenth century. Many of the elements identified by the Comforts as part of the package of capitalist modernity introduced by the missionariesthe plow, money, a sense of property, and revenue had alrea dy existed in China. Moreover, while it certainly felt the impact of Imperialism, China was never colonized.Also, unlike the British missionaries who played a decisive role (according to the Comforts) in mediating modernity to the Tsarina, the influence of he missionary bole in China can seldom be separated from other avenues commerce, publishing, officialdom, and contacts with Japan-by which foreign imperial ideas and institutions were be filtered into the empire (Dunce 2002). Nevertheless, the changes undergone by Chinese society between the mid-nineteenth century and mid-twentieth century can be seen as a transition from tradition to modernity and attributed a decisive role in the process, for good or ill, to the Western impact.This history. In the first half of the twentieth century, works written by missionaries and heir supporters claimed for the missions a great deal of the credit for bringing China into the modern world. Chinese nationalist critiques from the asses, charg ed missionaries with imperialism or cultural invasion, usually meaning that Christian conversion and missionary education were intended to facilitate imperialist economic and political control by reservation the Chinese people docile.In contract to this, Wang Liking argues that American missionaries, rather than being tools of cultural or other imperialism, were actually engaged in cultural exchange, making a significant nutrition to Chinas modernization in the late King period (Dunce 2002). Changes in China parallel to those identified by the Comforts as part of the colonization of consciousness, such as the first appearance of aspects of a Western imperial way of life.A study in these mission efforts reveals the attempted imposition of occidental imperial beliefs in the form of campaigns against foot binding, opium consumption, and views toward gender relations all of which involved missionaries to some degree and show Western imperialistic attitudes at the time that the West h as a right to impose TTS way of life on another culture. We can see that these transformations so closely associated with the emergence of the Western nation-state can be viewed in terms of a colonization of consciousness.Missionaries were the field-agents of the change in Chinese life. In the end, missionaries role as agents of imperialism or as agents of cultural exchange depends on the observer. What can be express is that in this instance of more passive introduction of foreign culture and ideals, missionaries maybe greater agents of change than in more aggressive imperial efforts. Case Study Yucatan 16th Century Missionaries at times found themselves openly at odds with imperial interests.In the Yucatan, the church and imperial interests frequently clashed. Studying religion gives us a window into this relationship and the nature of colonization in this case. Missionaries had to walk a fine line between looking out for the souls of the converted and the imperial desire for con quest of resources and the native labor call for to exploit those resources. Church documents and diaries point to a separation in motives between church and state where the state clearly sought to regulate life and the church sought to protect the natives.In this case, the limited number of friars and the promise of wealthiness that the colonies brought meant that the friars had little say in the regulation of life enacted by the crowns agents (Cascaras 1961). In the case of the Yucatan, it was not the missionaries who altered daily life for the converts as much as it was the crown. An interest in religion can point to heavy handedness of the crown and the ultimate subjugation that followed. While this process is evidenced in non-religious sources, exposit of the encounters are filled-in by religious evidence.Amman-Spanish interaction was a mixing of traditions and practices. We see in the architecture of missions that they were influenced by the local materials and techniques. We also see in evidence for food and drink at missions that local everyday lives of the Mayans influenced the Spanish as they used native ceramics and reported to have native women cooking (Cascaras 1961). Undoubtedly Spanish and imperial society is evidenced today through religion and the quotidian. Interactions between the Spanish and natives have lastly created a shared culture.In the Yucatan, that is evident through the religion of the region today. Religion came packaged with foreign imperial domination and its acceptance in modern day Yucatan points to the impact of cultural change as a result of colonialism. Conclusion Colonialism has been one of the most significant phenomena in the history of humankind in the last three hundred years or so. Religious evidence shows us that Christian missionaries were associated with imperialist expansion and can shed light on the understanding of these encounters.It seems probable, then, that missionaries were significant intermediaries in the construction of global Imperialism in its anniversaries dimension. Colonization of consciousness is the adoption of and adherence to a particular set of beliefs that come to be manifested in the daily workings of a society and the everyday practice of its members (Lane 2001). The study of religious amounts to more than right an analysis of religious change. It gives us a view into the broader consciousness. To varying degrees, in all case studies here Christian missions have played a role in shaping consciousness.Evidence needs to be viewed critically when looking to religion to understand colonialism. Large hurries housing many native members does not mean their beliefs or daily lives were any different than before. Detailed textual accounts of conversions and missionary successes may not reflect the true consciousness of the natives as that may not have been the goal of the texts or that they written with bias. The historiography examined here demonstrates how congenital the assessment of the missionary impact is from broader questions of how to historicist nationalism and modernity.The case studies presented show how a study of religion can shed light onto the interplay between colonial and imperial encounters. While in some cases, such as Southern Tsarina, the religious agents in the field were representing imperial interests. In other cases, such as Colonial Yucatan, they were at odds with the imperial powers. These different cases result in a different light they shed on an understanding of colonial encounters. In both, the religious information needs to be treated as part of a portfolio of sources for analysis.